O agronegócio e agricultura familiar no planejamento setorial nos governos FHC, Lula e Dilma: continuidades e descontinuidades

Social protection in Brazil: universalism and targeting in the FHC and Lula administrations A proteção social no Brasil: universalismo e focalização nos governos FHC e Lula

This article analyzes the organization of Brazil's social protection system after the Federal Constitution of 1998 (CF 1988). It also demonstrates that 1988 Federal Constitution favored the institutional-ization of universalist public policies. This institu-tionalization took place amidst conflict with the stabilization goals of the Real Plan. The paper argues that such an institutionalization ...

Comments on the article Social protection in Brazil: universalism and targeting in the FHC and Lula administrations Comentários sobre o artigo A proteção social no Brasil: universalismo e focalização nos governos FHC e Lula

I would like to start by emphasizing the author’s effort to make a comparative analysis of the social policy in the Fernando Henrique Cardoso – FHC and Lula administrations. Nilson Costa performs this non-trivial task in an unbiased and analytical fashion while attempting to identify, although in a descriptive way, the paths and decisions which were made regarding social policy by the last two ...

O F E E

Within the framework of equilibrium statistical mechanics the free energy of a phase gives a measure of its associated probabilistic weight. In order to determine phase boundaries one must then determine the conditions under which the free energy difference (FED) between two phases is zero. The underlying complexity usually rules out any analytical approaches to the problem, and one must theref...

No (e-)Democracy Without (e-)Knowledge

Citizens have never had complete and up-to-date information on all the laws, regulations and opportunities that concern them. Although the law does not excuse ignorance, information-publishing techniques, usually Official Gazettes on paper, make effective knowledge and awareness virtually impossible. One of the greatest opportunities of e-government is to overcome this information gap and to su...

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